拋丸做為一種表層加(jia)強加(jia)工(gong)工(gong)藝，它(ta)的(de)歷(li)史(shi)時間追(zhui)朔到公園前(qian)2700年。據記(ji)述，那時候的(de)鐵匠(jiang)鋪就早已了解到在(zai)熱態下歷(li)經錘(chui)頭錘(chui)打的(de)金屬材料能(neng)夠變(bian)得越來越硬實。歐(ou)洲中(zhong)世(shi)紀(ji)的(de)外國(guo)人在(zai)應用馬拉小汽車中(zhong)發(fa)覺，一樣(yang)的(de)平板式(shi)彈黃(huang)，凡(fan)歷(li)經表層吹沙解決的(de)，使(shi)用期(qi)明顯提升。20新世(shi)紀(ji)初，大家剛開始(shi)應用金屬材料顆粒物對彈黃(huang)和(he)大中(zhong)型傳動齒輪的(de)輪齒開展(zhan)拋丸加(jia)強解決。

 歷經20新世紀40時代大量學術研究的(de)勤(qin)奮，大伙(huo)兒對拋丸(wan)(wan)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)工(gong)藝的(de)了解(jie)提高(gao)到一個更高(gao)層次人才(cai)，進(jin)而(er)促進(jin)和拓(tuo)展了此項加(jia)(jia)工(gong)工(gong)藝的(de)運(yun)用范疇(chou)。洛克希德(de)·喬治企業的(de)技術工(gong)程(cheng)師Jim Boerger從拋丸(wan)(wan)加(jia)(jia)強Almen試(shi)片(pian)中(zhong)獲得啟迪，創(chuang)造了一種當代飛機制造中(zhong)的(de)成型技術性——拋丸(wan)(wan)成型技術性。

 拋丸成(cheng)型的基本(ben)概(gai)念(nian)是：運用髙速彈丸（直經1~6mm）流碰(peng)撞金屬板材(cai)材(cai)質材(cai)料(liao)的表(biao)層，使(shi)受(shou)碰(peng)撞的表(biao)層以及下(xia)一(yi)層金屬復合材(cai)料(liao)造(zao)成(cheng)塑性形變而拓寬(kuan)，進而逐漸使(shi)板才產生向受(shou)噴面突起的雙重彎(wan)折形變（如下(xia)圖所示(shi)）。

 拋(pao)(pao)(pao)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)成(cheng)型(xing)依(yi)照不(bu)(bu)一(yi)樣(yang)的歸類方(fang)式擁(yong)有不(bu)(bu)一(yi)樣(yang)的類型(xing)：依(yi)照拋(pao)(pao)(pao)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)地域不(bu)(bu)一(yi)樣(yang)，分成(cheng)單雙(shuang)面拋(pao)(pao)(pao)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)成(cheng)型(xing)和(he)正反面拋(pao)(pao)(pao)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)成(cheng)型(xing)；依(yi)照彈丸(wan)(wan)(wan)得到速率的驅動器方(fang)法，拋(pao)(pao)(pao)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)成(cheng)型(xing)分成(cheng)軸(zhou)流式拋(pao)(pao)(pao)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)成(cheng)型(xing)、氣動拋(pao)(pao)(pao)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)成(cheng)型(xing)和(he)超(chao)聲波(bo)拋(pao)(pao)(pao)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)成(cheng)型(xing)；依(yi)據(ju)拋(pao)(pao)(pao)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)成(cheng)型(xing)時是不(bu)(bu)是在零(ling)件上事先釋放外荷載，拋(pao)(pao)(pao)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)成(cheng)型(xing)分成(cheng)隨意情況拋(pao)(pao)(pao)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)成(cheng)型(xing)和(he)預應力鋼筋拋(pao)(pao)(pao)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)成(cheng)型(xing)。

 拋(pao)(pao)丸成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)藝優(you)勢十分(fen)明顯。先(xian)，該加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)藝不用(yong)(yong)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)磨具，加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)藝武器裝(zhuang)備(bei)簡易，可節約很多的沖壓模具與生產制造時間，大(da)大(da)縮短了(le)生產現場管理周期時間和成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本費(fei)，并可以迅速、靈便的解(jie)決設(she)計方(fang)案變更，非常合適于規格大(da)、外觀設(she)計相對(dui)性輕緩的零件。次之，需(xu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)零件的長(chang)短不會受(shou)到(dao)機器設(she)備(bei)尺寸限(xian)定（長(chang)短達到(dao)35m左(zuo)右(you)），要是工(gong)(gong)業廠(chang)房場所容許，能夠隨(sui)意延長(chang)數(shu)控車床滑軌，融入(ru)隨(sui)意長(chang)短的大(da)中型(xing)零件。再度，拋(pao)(pao)丸成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)有利于增加(jia)(jia)原材(cai)料疲憊使用(yong)(yong)壽命和抗腐蝕(shi)能。

 更是(shi)根據這種(zhong)(zhong)優勢(shi)，拋(pao)(pao)丸成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)性(xing)已市(shi)場應(ying)用于(yu)航(hang)天航(hang)空等(deng)行業的(de)總(zong)體(ti)沿板(ban)(ban)零件生產制造。英(ying)國先在(zai)"星(xing)座號"乘飛(fei)(fei)機應(ying)用拋(pao)(pao)丸成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)方式(shi)生產制造翅(chi)膀(bang)(bang)(bang)總(zong)體(ti)沿板(ban)(ban)，從20新世(shi)紀50時代中后(hou)期剛(gang)開始，拋(pao)(pao)丸成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)性(xing)變(bian)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)民用型(xing)(xing)(xing)軍用飛(fei)(fei)機翅(chi)膀(bang)(bang)(bang)、外(wai)(wai)殼等(deng)沿板(ban)(ban)類零件的(de)關(guan)鍵(jian)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)方式(shi)。進(jin)到20新世(shi)紀80時代，超臨界(jie)翅(chi)膀(bang)(bang)(bang)變(bian)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)飛(fei)(fei)機場創新性(xing)關(guan)鍵(jian)標(biao)識，構成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)翅(chi)膀(bang)(bang)(bang)的(de)總(zong)體(ti)沿板(ban)(ban)出現了繁雜馬鞍形和扭曲特性(xing)，并且帶(dai)筋(jin)(jin)構造顯(xian)著增加。針對該類零件傳統(tong)式(shi)拋(pao)(pao)丸成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)沒(mei)辦法(fa)考慮(lv)其需要形變(bian)量，因此(ci)預(yu)應(ying)力鋼(gang)筋(jin)(jin)拋(pao)(pao)丸成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)性(xing)獲得高度重視(shi)。預(yu)應(ying)力鋼(gang)筋(jin)(jin)拋(pao)(pao)丸成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)是(shi)一種(zhong)(zhong)在(zai)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)前依靠(kao)預(yu)應(ying)力鋼(gang)筋(jin)(jin)工裝夾(jia)具在(zai)板(ban)(ban)坯上釋放(fang)延展性(xing)形變(bian)力，隨(sui)后(hou)對它進(jin)行拋(pao)(pao)丸的(de)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)方式(shi)。在(zai)同樣標(biao)準下，預(yu)應(ying)力鋼(gang)筋(jin)(jin)拋(pao)(pao)丸的(de)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)極(ji)限是(shi)隨(sui)意(yi)拋(pao)(pao)丸的(de)2~3倍，另(ling)外(wai)(wai)預(yu)應(ying)力鋼(gang)筋(jin)(jin)拋(pao)(pao)丸還可合理操縱沿拋(pao)(pao)丸線路方位(wei)的(de)額外(wai)(wai)彎折形變(bian)，該技(ji)術(shu)(shu)性(xing)的(de)運用進(jin)一步(bu)推動了拋(pao)(pao)丸成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)性(xing)的(de)發展趨勢(shi)。

 隨(sui)之信(xin)(xin)息時代的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)來臨，電子(zi)信(xin)(xin)息技術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)迅速發展趨勢推動(dong)了拋(pao)(pao)(pao)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)成(cheng)型技術(shu)性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產品研(yan)(yan)發，隨(sui)著(zhu)出(chu)(chu)現了智能化(hua)(hua)拋(pao)(pao)(pao)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)成(cheng)型技術(shu)性(xing)(xing)，創造(zao)了拋(pao)(pao)(pao)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)成(cheng)型技術(shu)性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新世界。智能化(hua)(hua)拋(pao)(pao)(pao)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)成(cheng)型要以大(da)數字量方式敘述零(ling)件以及拋(pao)(pao)(pao)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)成(cheng)型過程，并將各(ge)環節(jie)產生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)統計數據統一管理方法起來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)型技術(shu)性(xing)(xing)，較(jiao)為(wei)取得成(cheng)功(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)案例是(shi)法國KSA企業明確提出(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自動(dong)化(hua)(hua)技術(shu)拋(pao)(pao)(pao)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)成(cheng)型技術(shu)性(xing)(xing)。很多年(nian)(nian)來KSA與(yu)空(kong)客(ke)創建協作關聯(lian)，初期為(wei)空(kong)客(ke)生產制造(zao)A310外殼沿板(ban)，在(zai)2001年(nian)(nian)保持對A380激光焊(han)接(jie)機(ji)(ji)身沿板(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)拋(pao)(pao)(pao)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)成(cheng)型和校形，并與(yu)Baiker企業協同為(wei)空(kong)客(ke)研(yan)(yan)發出(chu)(chu)那(nei)時候全世界拋(pao)(pao)(pao)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)室較(jiao)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數控(kong)機(ji)(ji)床拋(pao)(pao)(pao)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)成(cheng)型機(ji)(ji)器設備。

 現階段，拋(pao)(pao)丸成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)加工(gong)工(gong)藝市場(chang)應用(yong)于大(da)中(zhong)小型(xing)(xing)(xing)民(min)(min)航客機（包含(han)當今已經經營的(de)(de)(de)全部空客、空客民(min)(min)航客機系列(lie)產品飛機場(chang)）和運輸機的(de)(de)(de)翅(chi)膀(bang)總(zong)體(ti)沿(yan)(yan)板的(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)。因而，大(da)中(zhong)型(xing)(xing)(xing)翅(chi)膀(bang)總(zong)體(ti)沿(yan)(yan)板拋(pao)(pao)丸成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)技術(shu)(shu)性(xing)(xing)是(shi)大(da)型(xing)(xing)(xing)飛機翅(chi)膀(bang)生產制造的(de)(de)(de)關(guan)鍵技術(shu)(shu)之一，該(gai)技術(shu)(shu)性(xing)(xing)早(zao)已被(bei)英國(guo)空客和金屬材料改善(shan)企業及歐州(zhou)空客等少(shao)數幾家企業壟(long)斷性(xing)(xing)，并對別的(de)(de)(de)國(guo)家實行(xing)技術(shu)(shu)性(xing)(xing)封禁。隨之大(da)型(xing)(xing)(xing)飛機設(she)計(ji)方案規定(ding)不斷提升，拋(pao)(pao)丸成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)技術(shu)(shu)性(xing)(xing)親身經歷了(le)總(zong)體(ti)沿(yan)(yan)板從單折射率到繁(fan)雜雙(shuang)折射率，從來不帶(dai)筋到帶(dai)筋的(de)(de)(de)運用(yong)全過程，成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)預制構(gou)件的(de)(de)(de)外觀設(she)計(ji)和構(gou)造復雜度(du)逐步增加，為拋(pao)(pao)丸成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)技術(shu)(shu)性(xing)(xing)產生了(le)的(de)(de)(de)挑戰(zhan)與(yu)機會。

 憧(chong)憬未來(lai)，拋(pao)(pao)(pao)(pao)(pao)(pao)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)趨(qu)勢(shi)將(jiang)(jiang)展(zhan)現下列特性(xing)：先，拋(pao)(pao)(pao)(pao)(pao)(pao)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)目標及機器(qi)設備進口替代，如大(da)(da)(da)中型(xing)(xing)繁雜(za)(za)外(wai)觀(guan)總(zong)體(ti)(ti)沿板、大(da)(da)(da)中型(xing)(xing)總(zong)體(ti)(ti)構(gou)造(zao)等拋(pao)(pao)(pao)(pao)(pao)(pao)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)，他們(men)必須大(da)(da)(da)中型(xing)(xing)拋(pao)(pao)(pao)(pao)(pao)(pao)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)機器(qi)設備及相對拋(pao)(pao)(pao)(pao)(pao)(pao)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)性(xing)。次(ci)之，拋(pao)(pao)(pao)(pao)(pao)(pao)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)沿板外(wai)觀(guan)構(gou)造(zao)日漸復雜(za)(za)，即在(zai)(zai)目前可拋(pao)(pao)(pao)(pao)(pao)(pao)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)預制構(gou)件外(wai)觀(guan)、構(gou)造(zao)和(he)(he)樣子(zi)的(de)(de)(de)基本上更(geng)(geng)為(wei)繁雜(za)(za)，規定(ding)更(geng)(geng)大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)拋(pao)(pao)(pao)(pao)(pao)(pao)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)形變(bian)量。再度，拋(pao)(pao)(pao)(pao)(pao)(pao)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)全(quan)(quan)過程(cheng)智(zhi)能化系統(tong)，較大(da)(da)(da)程(cheng)度地把(ba)人(ren)力(li)資源從復雜(za)(za)的(de)(de)(de)拋(pao)(pao)(pao)(pao)(pao)(pao)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)加工(gong)工(gong)藝全(quan)(quan)過程(cheng)中解放出(chu)來(lai)、提升拋(pao)(pao)(pao)(pao)(pao)(pao)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)品質和(he)(he)高(gao)效(xiao)率，而現代科學技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)趨(qu)勢(shi)與發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)使拋(pao)(pao)(pao)(pao)(pao)(pao)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)全(quan)(quan)過程(cheng)智(zhi)能化系統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)逐步推(tui)進早已(yi)變(bian)成(cheng)將(jiang)(jiang)會。終，新(xin)式(shi)(shi)拋(pao)(pao)(pao)(pao)(pao)(pao)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)生產加工(gong)方式(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)層(ceng)出(chu)不(bu)窮，在(zai)(zai)其中正(zheng)反面(mian)拋(pao)(pao)(pao)(pao)(pao)(pao)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)性(xing)、激光器(qi)拋(pao)(pao)(pao)(pao)(pao)(pao)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)性(xing)、超聲波(bo)拋(pao)(pao)(pao)(pao)(pao)(pao)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)性(xing)和(he)(he)髙壓(ya)水拋(pao)(pao)(pao)(pao)(pao)(pao)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)成(cheng)型(xing)(xing)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)趨(qu)勢(shi)和(he)(he)運用獲得了普遍的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)度重視和(he)(he)關心。

 小(xiao)小(xiao)的(de)(de)彈丸，更(geng)(geng)改的(de)(de)不僅是零(ling)件的(de)(de)樣子，還要(yao)更(geng)(geng)改著(zhu)當代飛機制(zhi)造(zao)技(ji)術(shu)性(xing)的(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)趨(qu)勢。在航(hang)天(tian)航(hang)空生產制(zhi)造(zao)迅速(su)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)今日，拋(pao)丸成型技(ji)術(shu)性(xing)發(fa)展(zhan)趨(qu)勢和(he)運用市場前景光(guang)芒(mang)，安全工程銷售(shou)市場寬闊，在總體沿(yan)板生產制(zhi)造(zao)中定(ding)將(jiang)搶占不能(neng)取代的(de)(de)部位。